Protective Effect of Grap Seed Oil on Brain and Spleen of Female Mice after Treated with Bisphenol

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the histological effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on the brain and spleen tissues of female mice, as well as to investigate the potential protective role of Grape Seed Oil (GSO) against the toxic effects of this compound. The study utilized 40 female mice, aged 9–12 weeks with an average weight of 23±2 g. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (administered only GSO), second and thitrd groups treated with BPA at concentrations of 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg, and a fourth group treated with a combination of BPA (450 mg/kg) and GSO (0.2 ml). All treatments were administered via oral gavage for aduration of 12 days. Results of histological examination revealed significant pathological changes in the brain and spleen tissues of the BPA-treated groups. In the brain, these changes included vacuolar degeneration, nuclear pyknosis, necrotic foci, gliosis, and vascular congestion; these alterations were more severe at the higher dose (450 mg/kg). In the spleen, observations included loss of normal architecture, severe congestion, necrosis, hypertrophy of central artery walls, atrophy of lymphoid follicles, and vascular degeneration, with lesion severity increasing in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the group treated with GSO showed relative improvement in histological structures compared to the group treated with 450 mg/kg of BPA alone. There was a noticeable reduction in the severity of degeneration, congestion, and necrosis in both the brain and spleen.

Conclusion: The study concludes that exposure to Bisphenol A induces clear, dose-dependent toxic effects on brain and spleen tissues. Furthermore, Grape Seed Oil may contribute to mitigating these effects through antioxidant mechanisms and the modulation of oxidative stress.