The Controversial relationship between women's rights and religious extremism in the context of sustainable development

Abstract

This research explores the complex and controversial relationship between women's rights and religious extremism within the context of sustainable development. It argues that empowering women is not only a human rights obligation but a fundamental pillar for achieving inclusive and lasting development. The study examines how extremist interpretations of religion have historically and contemporarily been used to justify the exclusion and suppression of women, especially in regions affected by conflict or religious conservatism. Through a conceptual framework and comparative case studies - including Afghanistan, Tunisia, and Iraq - the research analyzes how restricting women's rights impedes social, economic, and institutional progress, and how inclusive policies and moderate religious discourse can act as countermeasures to extremism. The findings indicate that sustainable development cannot be achieved without gender justice, and that reforming religious narratives, enhancing women's participation in education and the labor market, and adopting inclusive governance are key strategies in building resilient and equitable societies.